Psychological ideas throughout time:

Protagoras of Abdera (490 - 420 BC) .

• No one is absolutely self-sufficient; For human survival depends on mutual cooperation in society - hence the importance of values, communication and laws.
• Man is the measure of all things: Perception and Truth are related to the experience and judgment of the individual.
  

 William of Ockham (1285 - 1347).
    The name used for a thing does not capture the essence of the thing but it is simply a  conventional sign used to refer to the thing.

 Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626).
    The human mind is prey to certain typical intellectual failures. 

 Nicholas Malebranche (1638 - 1715).
    All that we are aware of our ideas and feelings.

 William Blake (1757 - 1827).
     Life is revealed to imaginative vision and not to the corporeal eye.

 Soren Kierkegaard (1813 - 1855).
    Paradox stands at the center of all human decisiveness.

 Charles Sanders Pierce (1839 - 1914).

• Beliefs are established habits of action.
• All mental activity is the nature of sign activity and every thought is a sign, which by virtue of some habit gives rise to another sign of the same object.
  

 William James (1842 - 1910).

• Human consciousness is selective; it concentrates on some things and ignores others.
• Ideas and beliefs are essentially  plans for organizating and structuring our experience and world.
  

 Martin Buber (1878 - 1965).
    The I - Thou approach to relationships is the only way people can be fully authentic a part of our being is expressed in the right relationship. For example, treating a person by his or her job is in a relationship, instead of that person's humanity (I - Thou relationship). The former would be an inadequate relationship.

José Ortega y Gasset (1883 - 1955).

• The individual can influence his circumstance but he cannot disregard it.
• The hero, or the excellent man, creates the noble life by exerting his will to go beyond the ordinary and given.
• The opposite of the hero, the mass man, is content with his own mediocrity and relies on opinion rather than reason.